創建產品定義說明

創建產品定義說明

Create a Product Definition Statement

Before you begin designing your application, it’s essential to define precisely what your application does. A good way to do this is to craft a product definition statement—a concise declaration of your application’s main purpose and its intended audience. Creating a product definition statement isn’t merely an exercise. On the contrary, it’s one of the best ways to turn a list of features into a coherent product.

在你開始設計自己的應用程式之前，必不可少的是精確定義你的應用程式是做什麼的。一個比較好的方式是用心撰寫一份產品定義說明——份簡潔描述你的應用程式的主要目的與目標用戶的文檔。創建產品定義聲明並不僅僅是個練習，相反的是，這是將一大串功能特徵轉化為一個連貫性產品的最佳方式。

To begin with, spend some time defining your user audience: Are they experienced or novice, serious or casual, looking for help with a specific task or looking for entertainment? Knowing these things about your users helps you customize the user experience and user interface to their particular needs and wants.

首先，花些時間定義你的目標用戶：他們是專家還是新手，是正式的還是隨意的，是為了達成目標而尋求幫助還是在尋求娛樂。瞭解用戶的這些事情可以幫助你定做符合他們獨有需求的用戶體驗與用戶介面。

Because you’re designing an iPhone application, you already know a lot about your users. For example:

因為你是在創建一個 iPhone 應用程式，你已經瞭解許多關於你的用戶的資訊。比如：

They're mobile.

他們是在移動的

They want to be able to open your application quickly and see useful content immediately.

他們希望能夠儘快的打開應用程式並立即看到對他們有用的資訊

They need to be able to accomplish things in your application with just a few taps.

通過你的應用程式，他們只需簡單點擊幾下即可完成事項。

Now ask yourself what traits might set your users apart from all other iPhone OS users. Are they business people, teenagers, or retirees? Will they use your application at the end of every day, every time they check their email, or whenever they have a few extra moments? The more accurately you define your audience, the more accurate are your decisions about the look, feel, and functionality of your user interface.

現在思考下，是什麼樣的特性可以將你的用戶群和其他所有 iPhone 作業系統用戶群區分開來。他們是商人、青少年還是退休人員？他們是否會在每天結束前，或每次檢查郵件的時候，亦或任何有一些空閒時間的時候，使用你的應用程式？你對目標用戶的定義越精確，你在用戶介面的外觀、感覺和功能性方面做的決策就會越精確。

For example, if your application helps business people keep track of their expenses, your user interface should focus on providing the right categories and making it easy to enter costs, without asking for a lot of details that aren’t central to the task. In addition, you might choose a subtle color palette that appears professional and is pleasant to look at several times a day.

舉例來說，如果你的程式是要幫助商務人士跟蹤記錄他們的開支，那麼你的介面就要專注於提供正確的分類，並易於輸入的開支數目，避免去問一些與核心任務無關的細節。除此之外，你最好為介面選擇一種微小精緻的顏色搭配方案，令其看起來顯得專業且保證用戶在一天使用多次仍感覺愉悅。

Or, if your application is a game for a target audience of teenagers, you might instead want a user interface that is exciting, language that imparts a feeling of exclusivity, and a color palette that evokes current fashions.

或者，如果你的應用程式是以青少年為目標用戶的遊戲。那麼你就要需要換成一種令人興奮的，語言能表現的獨一無二的，顏色搭配方案符合當前時尚的用戶介面。

Finally, examine the set of features you intend to deliver. With the image of your user audience in mind, try to distill the list of features into a single statement, a product definition statement, that describes the solution your product offers and who your users are. For example, the desktop iPhoto application allows users to, among other things, organize, edit, share, print, and view photos. But a good product definition statement doesn’t just focus on features, it also describes the intended audience. Therefore a sound product definition statement for iPhoto could be "An easy-to-use photo management application for amateur photographers." Notice how important it is to include a definition of your user audience in the product definition statement: Imagine how different an application iPhoto would be if it was designed to be “an easy-to-use photo management application for professional photographers.”

最後，來計算下你打算提供的功能特徵集合。在腦海中想像著你的目標用戶，試著將功能特徵列表提取到一份單獨的說明上，這就是一份產品定義說明，它描述了你的產品可以提供的解決方案和你的目標用戶。例如，桌面版的 iPhoto 應用程式，除了別的之外，還允許用戶整理，編輯，共用，列印和查看照片。但一份好的產品定義聲明不僅僅是只把重點放在功能特徵上面，它還要描述你的目標用戶。因此，一份健全的iPhoto產品定義說明可以是“一個為業餘攝影愛好者設計的簡單易用的圖片管理應用程式”。注意一下在產品定義說明中描述你的目標用戶是多麼重要：你只要想像一下如果iPhoto是“為專業攝影愛好者設計的圖片管理程式”,那將有多大的不同。

A good product definition statement is a tool you should use throughout the development process to determine the suitability of features, tools, and terminology. It’s especially important to eliminate those elements that don’t support the product definition statement, because iPhone applications have no room to spare for functionality that isn’t focused on the main task.

一份優秀的產品定義說明就像一個工具，你應該在整個產品開發進程中使用它來判斷提供的功能特徵，工具和術語是否合適。他尤其重要的作用是排除那些不符合產品定義說明的元素，因為 iPhone 應用程式沒有多餘的空間提供給那些不是已主任務為核心的功能。

Imagine, for example, that you’re thinking of developing an iPhone application people can use when they shop for groceries. In the planning stage, you might consider including a wide range of activities users might like to perform, such as:

想像一下，例如，你想開發一款當用戶在雜貨店購物的時候可以使用的 iPhone 應用程式。在計畫階段，你可能需要考慮到許多各種不同的用戶可能去做的活動，如：

Getting nutritional information about specific foods

獲得特定事物的營養資訊

Finding coupons and special offers

尋找電子優惠卷或特價優惠

Creating and using shopping lists

創建和使用購物列表

Locating stores

定位商店

Looking up recipes

查閱食譜

Comparing prices

比較價格

Keeping a running total of prices

隨時查看購物總金額

However, you believe that your users are most concerned with remembering everything they need to buy, that they would like to save money if possible, and that they’re probably in a hurry to get home with their purchases. Using this audience definition, you craft a product definition statement for your application, such as "A shopping list creation and coupon-finding tool for people in a hurry." Filtering your list of potential features through this product definition statement, you decide to focus primarily on making shopping lists easy to create, store, and use. You also offer users the ability to find coupons for the items on their list. Even though the other features are useful (and might become primary features of other applications), they don’t fit the product definition statement for this application.

然而，你相信你的用戶最關心的是要記得他們想買的每一樣東西，同時盡可能的省錢，同時他們很可能是急著想把東西買回家。根據這些對用戶的定義，你可以為你的應用程式製作一個產品定義說明，如“為匆忙的人提供的一個可創建購物列表並查找折扣資訊的工具”。使用這份產品定義說明，去過濾你創建的潛在功能特徵列表，你決定首要的應該是專注於讓購物列表容易創建，保存和使用。同時，你還提供給用戶查找與購物列表上商品對應的折扣資訊的功能。即使其他功能也是有用的（並且可能成為其他應用程式的主要功能特徵），但是他們不符合這個應用程式的產品定義說明。

When you’ve settled on a solid product definition statement and you’ve started to use it as a filter for your proposed features, you might also want to use it to make sure your initial decision on application type is still the right one. If you began your development process with a specific application type in mind, you might find that the process of defining a product definition statement has changed the landscape. (See “Three Application Styles” for more on different types of applications you can develop.)

當你確立了一個固定的產品定義說明並且已經開始把它作為篩檢程式去篩選你的提議的功能特徵，你大概也希望用它來確定關於你最初的應用程式樣式的決定也是正確的。如果你在腦海中計畫開始了一個特定應用程式的開發進程，你可能會發現定義產品定義聲明的過程改變了全局。（關於你所能開發的不同類型的應用程式請參見“三種應用程式樣式”）

資料來源：http://www.uxguide.net/wiki/iphone:Create-a-product-definition-statement